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ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a severe type of heart attack where there is a long interruption to the blood supply, causing extensive damage to the heart muscle. Immediate medical intervention is critical to restore blood flow and minimize heart damage, often involving reperfusion therapy such as percutaneous coronary intervention or thrombolysis.
Coronary artery occlusion refers to the blockage of one or more of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, often leading to myocardial infarction or heart attack. This condition is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up inside the arteries, and can result in significant cardiac damage if not promptly treated.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, providing crucial information about heart rhythm and function. It is widely used to detect irregularities in heartbeats, diagnose heart conditions, and monitor the effectiveness of treatments for heart diseases.
Reperfusion therapy is a medical treatment aimed at restoring blood flow to tissues that have been deprived of oxygen due to blocked arteries, commonly used in conditions like myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Timely administration of this therapy is crucial to minimize tissue damage and improve patient outcomes, highlighting the importance of rapid diagnosis and intervention.
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a non-surgical procedure used to treat narrowing of the coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary artery disease. It involves the insertion of a catheter to place a stent, which helps to open up blood vessels and improve blood flow to the heart muscle.
Thrombolysis is a medical treatment used to dissolve dangerous clots in blood vessels, improve blood flow, and prevent damage to tissues and organs. It is commonly used in emergency situations like myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke, where rapid restoration of blood flow is critical to patient outcomes.
Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, preventing it from receiving enough oxygen, often due to a partial or complete blockage of the heart's arteries. This condition can lead to chest pain, heart attack, or other serious heart complications if not promptly addressed.
Cardiac biomarkers are substances released into the blood when the heart is damaged or stressed, providing crucial information for diagnosing and managing cardiovascular diseases. They are essential in the early detection of conditions like myocardial infarction, heart failure, and acute coronary syndrome, guiding treatment decisions and prognostic evaluations.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle and potentially resulting in angina, heart attacks, or heart failure. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, influenced by risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes, and is managed through lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgical interventions.
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart, typically caused by plaque rupture and thrombus formation in the coronary arteries. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improve outcomes and prevent complications such as myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death.
Concept
Chest pain is a symptom that can arise from various conditions ranging from benign to life-threatening, such as heart attack, angina, or gastroesophageal reflux disease. Proper evaluation and diagnosis are crucial for effective treatment, often involving a combination of patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing.
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. Prompt medical attention is crucial to restore blood flow and minimize heart damage, often involving medications and surgical interventions.
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