Specific enthalpy is a measure of the total energy in a unit mass of a substance, combining its internal energy and the energy required to displace its environment at constant pressure. It's an essential parameter in thermodynamics, often used in energy balance calculations of systems undergoing phase changes or chemical reactions.

Specific Enthalpy

Specific enthalpy

Total energy in a system is the sum of all forms of energy present, including kinetic, potential, thermal, and others, and remains constant in a closed system according to the law of conservation of energy. This principle is fundamental in physics and engineering, enabling the analysis of energy transformations and transfers within systems.

total energy

unit mass

Substance refers to the fundamental or essential nature of something, often discussed in philosophy as the underlying reality that supports and gives rise to observable phenomena. It is a core concept in metaphysics, where it is contrasted with properties or attributes that substances possess.

substance

Internal energy is the total energy contained within a system, encompassing both kinetic and potential energy at the molecular level. It is a state function, meaning its change depends only on the initial and final states of the system, not on the path taken to get there.

internal energy

Energy displacement

constant pressure

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat, work, temperature, and energy. It is fundamental in understanding how energy is transferred in physical systems and the limitations of energy conversion processes.

thermodynamics

energy balance calculations

Phase changes are the transitions between different states of matter, driven by variations in temperature and pressure, where energy is absorbed or released. Understanding these transformations is crucial as they underpin phenomena in both natural and industrial processes, affecting everything from the weather to material science.

phase changes

Chemical reactions involve the transformation of substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, resulting in the conversion of reactants into products. These reactions are governed by the principles of thermodynamics and kinetics, which dictate the feasibility and rate of these transformations.

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