The solid-liquid phase transition, commonly known as melting, occurs when a solid absorbs enough heat to overcome the forces holding its particles in a fixed position, allowing them to move freely and form a liquid. This process is characterized by a specific melting point, which is influenced by the material's molecular structure and external conditions such as pressure.
Material properties are the characteristics that define the behavior and performance of a material under various conditions, influencing its suitability for specific applications. These properties are determined by the material's composition, structure, and the interactions at the atomic or molecular level, and they are critical in fields such as engineering, manufacturing, and materials science.
Durability refers to the ability of a material or product to withstand wear, pressure, or damage, ensuring its longevity and continued functionality over time. It is a critical factor in product design and material selection, impacting sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and consumer satisfaction.