The serratus posterior muscles, comprising the serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior, are thin, quadrilateral muscles located in the upper and lower back, respectively. They play a role in respiratory mechanics by aiding in the elevation and depression of the ribs during inhalation and exhalation, although their function is considered minor compared to other respiratory muscles.

Serratus Posterior

Serratus posterior muscles

The serratus posterior superior is a thin, quadrilateral muscle located at the upper back, playing a role in elevating the ribs during respiration. It is innervated by the intercostal nerves and is involved in movements that require deep inhalation, such as heavy breathing or physical exertion.

Serratus Posterior Superior

The serratus posterior inferior is a thin, quadrilateral muscle located at the junction of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the back, playing a role in the movement of the ribs and aiding respiration. It helps in depressing the lower ribs, contributing to forced expiration and stabilizing the thoracolumbar fascia.

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Thin quadrilateral muscles

Upper back

Lower back

Respiratory mechanics involves the study of airflow and the forces required to move air in and out of the lungs, crucial for understanding respiratory physiology and pathophysiology. It encompasses the analysis of lung volumes, pressures, and the compliance and resistance of the respiratory system, which are essential for diagnosing and managing respiratory disorders.

Respiratory Mechanics

Elevation of the ribs

Depression of the ribs

Inhalation is the process of drawing air or other substances into the lungs, primarily driven by the diaphragm and intercostal muscles creating a negative pressure in the thoracic cavity. It is essential for gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled from the body.

Inhalation

Exhalation is the process of expelling air from the lungs through the respiratory tract, primarily involving the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. It is a passive process during restful breathing but can become active during vigorous activities or respiratory conditions.

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