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Concept
The Septuagint is an ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, traditionally dated to the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE, and is significant for its role in the dissemination of Jewish scriptures in the Hellenistic world. It holds particular importance in the Christian tradition as it was widely used by early Christians and often quoted in the New Testament, influencing the development of Christian theology and biblical interpretation.
Hellenistic Judaism was a form of Judaism that emerged in the diaspora, particularly in Alexandria, as it interacted with Greek culture and philosophy. It sought to harmonize Jewish religious traditions with elements of Hellenistic thought, leading to the development of unique theological and philosophical ideas that influenced both Jewish and early Christian thought.
Biblical translation involves the process of translating the Bible from its original languages, such as Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, into other languages, aiming to preserve the original meanings, contexts, and nuances. This task requires a deep understanding of ancient languages, cultures, and theological concepts, making it a complex and scholarly endeavor that has evolved over centuries.
Textual criticism is the scholarly discipline that seeks to establish the original text of a document by examining and comparing the various copies and versions that have been made over time. This process involves identifying and correcting errors or alterations that may have occurred during the transmission of the text through history.
The Canon of Scripture refers to the collection of books that are considered authoritative and inspired in a religious tradition, serving as the foundational texts for faith and practice. The process of canonization involved historical, theological, and community considerations, resulting in different canons for various religious groups, such as the Jewish, Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox traditions.
Early Christianity emerged in the 1st century CE as a sect within Judaism, rapidly expanding across the Roman Empire despite facing persecution. It was characterized by the development of core doctrines, the formation of the New Testament canon, and the establishment of ecclesiastical structures that laid the foundation for the global Christian Church.
Linguistic Anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of how language influences social life, cultural practices, and human communication. It examines the interplay between language and culture, exploring how language shapes and is shaped by social identities, power dynamics, and cultural norms.
Scriptural exegesis is the critical interpretation and explanation of religious texts, aiming to uncover the original meaning intended by the authors and its relevance to contemporary contexts. This process involves analyzing historical, cultural, linguistic, and theological aspects to provide a comprehensive understanding of the scriptures.
Religious syncretism refers to the blending of different religious beliefs and practices, resulting in a new, hybrid religious tradition. This process often occurs in multicultural societies or during periods of significant cultural exchange, where diverse religious ideas come into contact and influence one another.
Manuscript tradition refers to the process by which texts are transmitted over time through handwritten copies, often leading to variations and errors that scholars must analyze to reconstruct the original work. This tradition is crucial for understanding historical texts, as it involves the study of scribal practices, textual variants, and the cultural contexts in which these manuscripts were produced and preserved.
Second Temple Judaism refers to the period in Jewish history from the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem in 516 BCE until its destruction by the Romans in 70 CE, marked by significant religious, cultural, and political developments. This era saw the emergence of diverse Jewish sects, the compilation of significant religious texts, and the influence of Hellenistic culture on Jewish life and thought.
Alexandrian Judaism refers to the Jewish community and cultural-religious life in Alexandria, Egypt, which thrived from the 3rd century BCE to the 1st century CE, blending Jewish religious traditions with Hellenistic culture. This fusion led to significant developments such as the creation of the Septuagint and the works of Philo of Alexandria, which influenced both Jewish and early Christian thought.
Jewish-Greek literature is a body of work produced by Jewish authors in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, which combines Jewish themes and traditions with Greek language and cultural elements. This literature reflects the cultural and intellectual exchanges between Jewish and Greek societies, offering insights into the adaptation and transformation of Jewish identity in a predominantly Greek-speaking world.
Biblical Apocrypha refers to a collection of ancient books that are included in some versions of the Bible but are considered non-canonical by certain religious traditions. These texts provide additional historical, theological, and moral insights but are not universally accepted as divinely inspired scripture across all denominations.
Jewish-Hellenistic literature refers to the body of texts produced by Jewish authors in the Hellenistic period, blending Jewish religious themes with Greek cultural and philosophical elements. This literature played a crucial role in the cultural and religious interactions between Jewish and Hellenistic worlds, influencing subsequent Jewish and Christian thought.
Koine Greek, also known as Hellenistic Greek, was the common dialect of the Greek language spoken and written during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, from around 300 BCE to 300 CE. It played a crucial role in the spread of Greek culture and served as the lingua franca of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Near East, significantly influencing the development of early Christian texts, including the New Testament.
Concept
The Tanakh is the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is also a significant source of the Christian Old Testament. It consists of three main sections: the Torah (Law), the Nevi'im (Prophets), and the Ketuvim (Writings), forming the acronym TaNaKh from the initial Hebrew letters of each section.
The biblical canon refers to the collection of books that a religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The formation of the canon was a complex process influenced by theological, historical, and cultural factors, resulting in different canons for Judaism, Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism.
The Deuterocanonical Books are texts considered canonical by the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church but are not included in the Hebrew Bible or Protestant Old Testament. These books, often termed 'Apocrypha' by Protestants, hold historical and theological significance, reflecting diverse Jewish traditions from the Second Temple period.
Concept
The Apocrypha refers to a collection of ancient texts with religious or historical significance that are not universally accepted as part of the canonical Bible. These writings vary in acceptance across different religious traditions, with some denominations considering them deuterocanonical and others excluding them entirely.
The Old Testament is a collection of religious texts sacred in both Judaism and Christianity, primarily written in Hebrew, with some portions in Aramaic. It forms the first part of the Christian Bible and overlaps significantly with the Hebrew Bible, containing narratives, laws, prophecies, and poetry that have shaped Western religious and cultural traditions.
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