Selective COX-2 inhibitors are a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that specifically target the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme, reducing inflammation and pain while minimizing gastrointestinal side effects associated with non-selective NSAIDs. These inhibitors are used to treat conditions like arthritis and are preferred for patients at risk of gastrointestinal complications, but they may have cardiovascular risks that need monitoring.