Secondary electrons are electrons that are ejected from a material's surface as a result of primary electron interactions, often in electron microscopy or radiation physics. These electrons have lower energy compared to the primary electrons and are crucial for generating high-resolution images and analyzing surface properties.

Secondary Electrons

Secondary electrons

primary electron interactions

Electron microscopy is a powerful imaging technique that uses a beam of electrons to achieve much higher resolution than traditional light microscopy, allowing for detailed visualization of biological and material structures at the nanometer scale. This technique is essential in fields such as materials science, biology, and nanotechnology for its ability to reveal intricate details of specimen morphology and composition.

electron microscopy

Radiation physics is the study of the emission, transmission, and interaction of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation with matter, focusing on understanding the fundamental principles and applications in fields such as medicine, energy, and environmental science. It plays a crucial role in developing technologies for medical imaging, cancer treatment, and nuclear power generation, as well as assessing radiation safety and protection measures.

radiation physics

Low energy electrons

high-resolution images

Surface properties refer to the characteristics and behaviors of the outermost layer of a material that can significantly influence interactions with the environment, such as adhesion, wettability, and friction. Understanding and manipulating these properties are crucial in fields like materials science, engineering, and nanotechnology to enhance performance and functionality in various applications.

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