Concept
Retributive justice is a theory of justice that holds individuals should be punished for their wrongdoing in proportion to the severity of their crime, emphasizing moral responsibility and the idea of 'just deserts.' It contrasts with other justice theories by focusing on punishment as an end in itself, rather than as a means to achieve social benefits like deterrence or rehabilitation.
Concept
Proportionality is a fundamental principle in mathematics and science that describes a relationship where two quantities increase or decrease at the same rate, maintaining a constant ratio. It is essential for understanding linear relationships and is widely applied in fields ranging from physics to economics to ensure fairness and balance.
Concept
Hammurabi's Code is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world, offering a glimpse into the ancient Babylonian way of life, governance, and justice with its 282 laws inscribed on a stone stele. It established a presumption of innocence and specific penalties for crimes, influencing later legal systems with its 'eye for an eye' principle and its emphasis on equality under the law, albeit viewed through the societal hierarchies of its time.
Concept
Penology is the study of the processes adopted by society to punish and rehabilitate individuals who violate laws, focusing on the effectiveness and moral implications of various correctional methods. It encompasses a range of approaches from incarceration to community-based programs, aiming to balance deterrence, retribution, and rehabilitation.
Concept
Moral philosophy, or ethics, is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. It addresses questions about morality, such as the nature of good and evil, the foundation of ethical principles, and how moral outcomes can be achieved in various contexts.
Concept
Judicial punishment is a formalized method for administering sanctions against individuals who have been found guilty of violating laws, designed not only to penalize but also to deter future offenses and rehabilitate offenders. It is governed by the legal system which ensures that punishments are applied consistently and equitably, aligning with societal norms and legal principles.
Concept
Retribution is a theory of justice that argues for punishment as a morally justified response to wrongdoing, emphasizing that offenders deserve to be punished in proportion to the severity of their crime. It focuses on balancing the scales of justice by ensuring that the punishment fits the crime, rather than emphasizing deterrence or rehabilitation.
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