Prokaryotic translation is the process by which ribosomes in prokaryotic cells synthesize proteins using mRNA as a template, beginning at a start codon facilitated by the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. This process is rapid and efficient, involving initiation, elongation, and termination phases, with factors distinct from eukaryotic translation due to the operon structure and simpler cellular environment.

Prokaryotic Translation

Ribosomes in prokaryotic cells

Synthesize proteins

MRNA as a template

The start codon is a specific sequence of nucleotides in mRNA that signals the beginning of protein synthesis, typically represented by the codon AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine in eukaryotes. This initiation codon is crucial for the proper translation of genetic information into functional proteins, as it sets the reading frame for ribosomes during translation.

Start Codon

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is a ribosomal binding site in bacterial mRNA, located upstream of the start codon, that helps initiate protein synthesis by aligning the ribosome with the start codon. It is complementary to a sequence on the 16S rRNA of the small ribosomal subunit, facilitating the correct positioning of the ribosome for translation initiation.

Shine-Dalgarno Sequence

Rapid and efficient process

The initiation phase is the first stage of a project lifecycle where the project's feasibility and value are assessed and key stakeholders are identified. This phase sets the foundation for project planning by defining objectives, scope, and potential constraints, ensuring alignment with strategic goals.

Initiation Phase

The elongation phase is a critical step in the process of transcription, where RNA polymerase traverses the DNA template strand, synthesizing RNA by adding nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction. This phase ensures the accurate and efficient production of RNA molecules, which are essential for protein synthesis and various regulatory functions in the cell.

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