Progestogens are a class of steroid hormones that play a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. They include natural progesterone and synthetic progestins, which are used in hormone replacement therapy and contraceptives.

Progestogen

Progestogens

Steroid hormones are a class of hormones characterized by their lipid-soluble structure, enabling them to pass through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors to regulate gene expression. They play critical roles in numerous physiological processes, including metabolism, immune function, and the development of sexual characteristics.

Steroid Hormones

The menstrual cycle is a natural, recurring process that prepares the female body for pregnancy, involving hormonal changes that regulate ovulation and menstruation. It typically lasts around 28 days, but can vary, and is divided into phases including the menstrual, follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases.

Menstrual Cycle

Pregnancy is the biological process in which a fertilized egg develops into a fetus within a woman's uterus, typically lasting about 40 weeks from the last menstrual period to childbirth. It involves complex physiological changes and requires careful medical monitoring to ensure the health of both the mother and the developing baby.

Pregnancy

Embryogenesis is the process by which a fertilized egg develops into a fully formed embryo, involving a series of highly regulated steps including cell division, differentiation, and morphogenesis. This intricate process is crucial for establishing the basic body plan and organ systems of an organism, setting the foundation for further development and growth.

Embryogenesis

Natural progesterone

Synthetic progestins

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment used to alleviate symptoms of menopause by replenishing estrogen and progesterone levels in women. While it can effectively reduce symptoms like hot flashes and osteoporosis risk, it also carries potential risks such as increased chances of breast cancer and cardiovascular issues, necessitating personalized medical guidance.

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Contraceptives are methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy and control reproductive health, offering individuals the ability to plan and space pregnancies. They encompass a wide range of options, including hormonal, barrier, and natural methods, each with varying degrees of effectiveness and side effects.

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