Perinatal transmission refers to the passing of an infectious agent from mother to child during the period immediately before and after birth, which can occur in utero, during delivery, or through breastfeeding. Effective interventions, such as antiretroviral therapy and safe delivery practices, can significantly reduce the risk of transmission of infections like HIV and Hepatitis B.

Perinatal Transmission

An infectious agent, also known as a pathogen, is a biological entity that causes disease or illness to its host. These agents include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and prions, each with unique mechanisms of transmission and infection.

Infectious Agent

Mother to child

Before and after birth

In utero

During delivery

Breastfeeding is a natural and recommended method of feeding infants, providing essential nutrients and antibodies that promote healthy growth and development. It also fosters a unique bond between mother and child while offering health benefits for both, such as reduced risk of certain diseases and improved maternal postpartum recovery.

Breastfeeding

Effective interventions

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a medical treatment that uses a combination of drugs to effectively manage and suppress the replication of HIV, thereby improving the quality of life and extending the lifespan of those infected. It requires lifelong adherence to prevent drug resistance and maintain viral suppression, transforming HIV from a fatal disease to a manageable chronic condition.

Antiretroviral Therapy

Safe delivery practices

Risk of transmission

Infections like HIV

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease, potentially leading to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is preventable through vaccination, and treatment options are available to manage chronic cases and reduce transmission risk.

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