Self-handicapping is a cognitive strategy where individuals create obstacles or excuses to avoid self-blame in case of failure, thereby protecting their self-esteem. This behavior can undermine performance and personal growth, as it often involves self-imposed barriers that hinder one's potential success.
Social Comparison Theory suggests that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others. This process of comparison can influence self-esteem, motivation, and behavior, often prompting individuals to align themselves with perceived social norms or standards.