The oceanic food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains that illustrates the flow of energy and nutrients through marine ecosystems, starting from microscopic phytoplankton to top predators like sharks and whales. It highlights the interdependence of marine species and the impact of environmental changes on ocean biodiversity and stability.

Oceanic Food Web

Food Chains

Energy flow refers to the transfer of energy through a food chain, beginning with the input of solar energy into producers and ending with the energy loss as heat at each trophic level. It is a unidirectional process, emphasizing the inefficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels, which limits the number of levels in an ecosystem.

Energy Flow

Nutrient flow

Marine ecosystems are complex networks of interactions among organisms and their environment in oceanic and coastal waters, playing a crucial role in global biodiversity and climate regulation. They encompass a wide variety of habitats, from coral reefs and kelp forests to deep-sea hydrothermal vents, each supporting unique communities of life and contributing to ecological balance and human economies.

Marine Ecosystems

Microscopic phytoplankton

Top Predators

Marine species

Environmental changes refer to the alterations in the natural or human-made environment that can affect ecosystems, biodiversity, and human societies. These changes can be driven by natural processes or human activities, leading to impacts such as climate change, habitat loss, and pollution.

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