Nonmetallic character refers to the tendency of an element to gain electrons and form negative ions, typically associated with high electronegativity and ionization energy. It increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group in the periodic table, reflecting the element's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

Nonmetallic Character

Nonmetallic character

tendency of an element to gain electrons

negative ions

high electronegativity

Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or ion in its gaseous state. It is a fundamental property that reveals the reactivity of elements, with higher ionization energies indicating a stronger hold on electrons and typically less reactivity.

ionization energy

increases across a period

decreases down a group

The periodic table is a comprehensive chart that organizes all known chemical elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It serves as a fundamental tool in chemistry, enabling scientists to understand element relationships, predict chemical reactions, and discover new elements.

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