Concept
Needlestick injuries are wounds caused by needles accidentally puncturing the skin, posing risks of exposure to bloodborne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. They are a significant concern in healthcare settings where safety protocols and devices, like safety-engineered sharps, are essential to prevent such occupational hazards.
Relevant Degrees
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at work, aiming to create a safe working environment by preventing work-related injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. It involves the implementation of safety standards, risk assessments, and employee training to ensure compliance with legal and ethical obligations towards workers' well-being.
Concept
Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause diseases in humans, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They are primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood and other potentially infectious materials, necessitating stringent safety protocols in healthcare and laboratory settings to prevent occupational exposure.
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Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease, potentially leading to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is preventable through vaccination, and treatment options are available to manage chronic cases and reduce transmission risk.
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Hepatitis C is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver, leading to inflammation and potentially severe liver damage if left untreated. It is often asymptomatic in its early stages but can progress to chronic infection, increasing the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Infection control is a critical component of healthcare and public health systems, focusing on preventing the spread of infections within healthcare settings and the community. It involves a combination of strategies, including hygiene practices, use of personal protective equipment, and adherence to protocols to minimize the risk of transmission of infectious agents.
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Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a preventive medical treatment started immediately after exposure to a pathogen, such as HIV, to prevent infection. It is most effective when initiated as soon as possible, typically within 72 hours of exposure, and involves a course of antiretroviral medications taken for 28 days.
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Standard Precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases in healthcare settings, applicable to all patients regardless of their diagnosis. These precautions include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, and safe handling of potentially contaminated equipment or surfaces.
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