The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) is a U.S. federal law enacted in 1990 that mandates the return of certain cultural items, including human remains, funerary objects, and sacred objects, to their respective Native American tribes and organizations. It establishes a process for museums and federal agencies to inventory and identify these items, ensuring the rights of Native Americans to reclaim their cultural heritage and ancestral remains.