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A margin call occurs when a broker demands an investor to deposit additional funds or securities to cover potential losses in a margin account, triggered when the account's equity falls below the broker's required minimum. Failure to meet a margin call can result in the broker liquidating securities in the account to bring it back to the required level.
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Critical thinking is the disciplined process of actively evaluating, analyzing, and synthesizing information gathered from observation, experience, or communication. It involves questioning assumptions, recognizing biases, and making reasoned judgments to reach well-supported conclusions.
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Methodological rigor refers to the strict application of methodical principles and procedures to ensure the reliability, validity, and accuracy of research findings. It involves a systematic approach to research design, data collection, and analysis to minimize biases and errors, ultimately enhancing the credibility of the study's conclusions.
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Data analysis involves systematically applying statistical and logical techniques to describe, illustrate, condense, and evaluate data. It is crucial for transforming raw data into meaningful insights that drive decision-making and strategic planning.
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Qualitative research is a method of inquiry that focuses on understanding human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior, often through interviews, observations, and analysis of text and artifacts. It aims to provide deeper insights into social phenomena by exploring the meanings, experiences, and views of participants in their natural settings.
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Quantitative research is a systematic investigation that primarily focuses on quantifying relationships, behaviors, phenomena, or patterns. It employs statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques to gather and analyze numerical data, providing objective and generalizable findings.
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Systems Thinking is an approach to problem-solving that views 'problems' as parts of an overall system, rather than reacting to specific parts, outcomes, or events. It emphasizes the interconnections and interactions between the components of a system, recognizing that change in one part of the system can have significant effects on other parts and the system as a whole.
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Pattern recognition is the process of identifying and categorizing data based on its underlying structure or regularities, often using machine learning algorithms. It is fundamental in fields such as computer vision, speech recognition, and bioinformatics, where it enables the automation of complex tasks by learning from examples.
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An interdisciplinary approach integrates knowledge and methods from different disciplines to address complex problems, fostering innovation and comprehensive understanding. It encourages collaboration, bridging gaps between fields to create holistic solutions that are not achievable within a single discipline.
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Causal inference is the process of determining the cause-and-effect relationship between variables, distinguishing correlation from causation by using statistical methods and assumptions. It is crucial in fields like epidemiology, economics, and social sciences to make informed decisions and predictions based on data analysis.
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Case study research is a qualitative research method that involves an in-depth, contextual analysis of a limited number of events or conditions and their relationships. It is particularly useful for exploring complex phenomena within their real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident.
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