The Lineweaver-Burk plot is a double reciprocal graph used to illustrate enzyme kinetics, specifically to determine important parameters like the Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) from experimental data. By plotting 1/velocity against 1/substrate concentration, it linearizes the hyperbolic relationship of the Michaelis-Menten equation, making it easier to analyze enzyme inhibition and compare kinetic properties.