Leptons are fundamental particles that do not undergo strong interactions and are part of the Standard Model of particle physics. They include electrons, muons, tau particles, and their corresponding neutrinos, each having distinct properties such as mass and charge.

Leptons

fundamental particles

Strong interactions, also known as the strong nuclear force, are one of the four fundamental forces of nature, responsible for binding protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei. They are mediated by particles called gluons and operate over very short distances, overcoming the electromagnetic repulsion between positively charged protons.

strong interactions

The Standard Model is a fundamental theory in physics that describes the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, which govern the behavior of all known subatomic particles. It successfully unifies three of the four fundamental forces of nature, but does not include gravity, and predicts the existence of particles like the Higgs boson, which was confirmed experimentally in 2012.

Standard Model

Particle physics is the branch of physics that studies the fundamental constituents of matter and the forces that govern their interactions. By exploring subatomic particles like quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons, it seeks to understand the underlying principles of the universe, often through high-energy experiments like those conducted in particle accelerators.

particle physics

Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electric charge, fundamental to the structure of atoms and the flow of electricity. They play a crucial role in chemical bonding and are key to understanding quantum mechanics and electromagnetic interactions.

electrons

muons

tau particles

corresponding neutrinos

distinct properties

Mass is a fundamental property of physical objects that quantifies the amount of matter contained within them, playing a crucial role in the laws of physics, especially in mechanics and gravitation. It is invariant in classical physics but can vary according to the theory of relativity when an object approaches the speed of light.

mass

Charge is a fundamental property of matter that causes it to experience a force in the presence of other charged matter. It comes in two types, positive and negative, and is quantified in units of coulombs, with like charges repelling and opposite charges attracting each other.

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