Lecithin–Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) is an enzyme crucial for the maturation of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) by catalyzing the esterification of cholesterol, which is essential for reverse cholesterol transport. Deficiency or dysfunction in LCAT can lead to disorders such as familial LCAT deficiency and fish-eye disease, impacting lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health.