The iris is a thin, circular structure in the eye responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. It is composed of two layers: the pigmented fibrovascular tissue known as the stroma and the pigmented epithelial cells, which together contribute to eye color and light regulation.

Iris Structure

The iris

Circular structure in the eye

Controlling the diameter and size of the pupil

Amount of light reaching the retina

Two layers of the iris

Pigmented fibrovascular tissue

Stroma refers to the supportive tissue surrounding organs and structures, particularly within the context of biology and medicine, such as the supportive framework of connective tissues in organs or the matrix in chloroplasts. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of tissues, providing a scaffold for cells and facilitating biochemical interactions essential for organ functionality.

Stroma

Pigmented epithelial cells are specialized cells found in various tissues, including the retina, where they play a crucial role in absorbing light and protecting photoreceptor cells. These cells contain melanin, which not only gives them their characteristic color but also helps in reducing oxidative stress and maintaining tissue health.

Pigmented Epithelial Cells

Eye color is determined by the amount and type of pigments in the iris, primarily melanin, and is influenced by genetic variations. It can range from blue, green, and hazel to brown, with brown being the most common worldwide due to its dominant genetic trait.

Eye Color

Light regulation refers to the control and management of light exposure in various environments to optimize energy efficiency, human health, and ecological balance. It involves technologies and practices that adjust light intensity, timing, and spectral qualities to meet specific needs while minimizing negative impacts.

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