Intermediate scrutiny is a standard of judicial review in United States constitutional law, used to evaluate laws that involve gender discrimination or affect certain other protected classes. It requires that the law or policy further an important government interest by means that are substantially related to that interest, striking a balance between strict scrutiny and rational basis review.

Intermediate Scrutiny

Intermediate scrutiny

standard of judicial review

United States constitutional law

laws that involve gender discrimination

Protected classes are specific groups of people who are legally safeguarded from discrimination and unfair treatment under various laws and policies. These protections aim to ensure equal opportunities in areas such as employment, housing, and education by prohibiting discrimination based on characteristics like race, gender, age, and disability.

protected classes

law or policy

important government interest

The term 'substantially related' is often used in legal and ethical contexts to determine whether two matters are closely connected enough to warrant certain actions or restrictions, such as conflicts of interest in legal practice. It requires a nuanced analysis of the facts and circumstances to assess the degree of connection between the matters in question, often balancing competing interests and rights.

substantially related

Strict scrutiny is the highest standard of judicial review used by courts to evaluate the constitutionality of laws or governmental actions that potentially infringe on fundamental rights or involve suspect classifications, such as race or religion. To pass strict scrutiny, the law or action must serve a compelling governmental interest, be narrowly tailored to achieve that interest, and be the least restrictive means available.

strict scrutiny

Rational Basis Review is the most lenient standard of judicial review used by courts to evaluate the constitutionality of a law, requiring only that the law be rationally related to a legitimate government interest. It is typically applied in cases where no fundamental rights or suspect classifications are at issue, giving deference to legislative judgment.

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