Institutional bias refers to the systematic and structural practices within institutions that result in unequal treatment or outcomes for certain groups, often based on race, gender, or other characteristics. This bias can be both explicit and implicit, manifesting in policies, practices, and cultural norms that disadvantage marginalized groups while privileging others.

Institutional Bias

Institutional bias

Systematic practices

structural practices

unequal treatment

Unequal outcomes

certain groups

Race is a socially constructed category used to group people based on physical characteristics such as skin color, but it has no biological basis. It plays a significant role in shaping social dynamics, influencing identity, and perpetuating systemic inequalities.

race

Gender is a complex social construct that encompasses a range of identities and expressions beyond the binary framework of male and female. It is distinct from biological sex and is influenced by cultural, social, and individual factors, shaping personal identity and societal roles.

gender

other characteristics

Explicit bias refers to the attitudes and beliefs we have about a person or group on a conscious level, often resulting in deliberate discriminatory behavior. It is typically expressed through direct statements or actions that demonstrate prejudice, and is easier to identify and address compared to implicit bias.

Explicit Bias

Implicit bias refers to the subconscious attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner. These biases are pervasive, often unknowingly held, and can influence behavior and decision-making processes, leading to unintended discrimination or prejudice.

Implicit Bias

manifesting in policies

Manifesting in practices

Cultural norms are the shared expectations and rules that guide behavior of people within social groups, shaping everything from daily routines to moral judgments. These norms are learned and reinforced through socialization, and they can vary significantly between different societies, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world.

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