Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation, playing a crucial role in the body's immune response by identifying and neutralizing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. It is also important in the context of passive immunity and is the only antibody class that can cross the placenta, providing protection to the fetus during pregnancy.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant type of antibody in the human body, playing a crucial role in the immune response by identifying and neutralizing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. It is unique for its ability to cross the placenta, providing passive immunity to the fetus during pregnancy.

Immunoglobulin G

Type of antibody

Blood circulation is the continuous movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels, delivering essential nutrients and oxygen to cells while removing waste products. This process is vital for maintaining homeostasis and supporting the body's metabolic needs.

Blood Circulation

The immune response is the body's defense mechanism against pathogens, involving a complex interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. It includes the recognition of foreign antigens, activation of immune cells, and the elimination of pathogens, while also maintaining tolerance to self-antigens to prevent autoimmunity.

Immune Response

Identifying pathogens

Neutralizing pathogens

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that exist in diverse environments and play crucial roles in processes such as nutrient cycling, fermentation, and as pathogens. They reproduce rapidly through binary fission and can acquire genetic material from other organisms, contributing to their adaptability and evolution.

Bacteria

Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. They are known for causing a wide range of diseases in humans, animals, and plants, and are characterized by their simple structure, consisting of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.

Viruses

Passive immunity involves the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies from one individual to another, providing immediate but temporary protection against pathogens. This type of immunity can occur naturally, such as through maternal antibodies transferred to a fetus, or artificially, such as through the administration of immunoglobulin therapies.

Passive Immunity

Antibody class

Cross the placenta

Protection to the fetus

Pregnancy is the biological process in which a fertilized egg develops into a fetus within a woman's uterus, typically lasting about 40 weeks from the last menstrual period to childbirth. It involves complex physiological changes and requires careful medical monitoring to ensure the health of both the mother and the developing baby.

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