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Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to make decisions about the properties of a population based on a sample. It involves formulating a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis, then using sample data to determine which hypothesis is more likely to be true.
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Grammar is the system of rules and structures that govern the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given language. It serves as a framework for effective communication, ensuring clarity and consistency in both spoken and written forms of language.
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Sentence structure refers to the way words, phrases, and clauses are organized and arranged in a sentence, impacting its clarity, coherence, and meaning. Understanding Sentence structure is crucial for effective communication, as it helps convey the intended message accurately and enhances the reader's comprehension.
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Phrase structure rules are a formal grammar system used to describe the syntax of languages by breaking down sentences into their constituent parts hierarchically. They provide a framework for generating the permissible structures of a language and are fundamental to understanding syntax in generative grammar models.
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Morphosyntax is the intersection of morphology and syntax, examining how word forms and sentence structures interact to convey meaning. It explores how grammatical categories such as tense, number, and case are expressed through word formation and sentence construction in different languages.
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A syntactic category is a set of words and phrases in a language that share a similar grammatical function. These categories help linguists understand sentence structure and the rules governing word order and agreement in language.
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Word order is the arrangement of words in a sentence to convey meaning and is crucial for syntax and clarity in communication. Different languages have different Word order conventions, which can affect the interpretation and emphasis of a sentence.
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A syntax tree, also known as a parse tree, is a hierarchical structure that represents the grammatical structure of a string according to a formal grammar. It is used in compilers and interpreters to analyze the syntactic structure of source code, facilitating the translation of code into executable instructions.
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Dependency grammar is a syntactic structure that represents the relationships between words in a sentence as a set of binary dependencies, where one word is the head and the other is the dependent. This approach contrasts with phrase structure grammar, emphasizing the connections and functions between words rather than hierarchical phrase units.
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Syntactic calculus is a formal system used to describe the syntax of programming languages, focusing on the rules that govern the structure of valid programs. It provides a mathematical framework for understanding how different components of a language can be combined to form syntactically correct expressions.
Procedural Language Extensions provide mechanisms to enhance procedural languages with additional functionalities, typically aiming to address specific limitations of the base language. They allow programmers to incorporate constructs that simplify code management and enhance capabilities such as error handling, encapsulation, and modularity.
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