Hydroquinone is a skin-lightening agent used to reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase, which is crucial in the melanin production pathway. It is effective in treating conditions like melasma, age spots, and freckles, but its use is regulated due to potential side effects and safety concerns.

Hydroquinone

Skin-lightening agent

Hyperpigmentation is a condition characterized by the darkening of an area of the skin caused by increased melanin production. It can result from various factors, including sun exposure, hormonal changes, and certain medications or skin injuries.

Hyperpigmentation

Enzyme tyrosinase

Melanin production pathway

Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by brown or gray-brown patches, usually on the face, resulting from the overproduction of melanin. It is often triggered by sun exposure, hormonal changes, or certain medications, and is more prevalent in women and individuals with darker skin tones.

Melasma

Age spots

Freckles

Side effects refer to unintended consequences of an action, often seen in pharmaceuticals where they are secondary effects of a drug apart from its intended therapeutic outcomes. Understanding side effects is crucial for evaluating the risk-benefit profile of interventions and ensuring patient safety in medical treatments.

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