Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a type of bacterial infection that can be found in the digestive tract, urinary tract, and genital area, and is particularly significant due to its potential to cause serious infections in newborns, pregnant women, and adults with certain chronic illnesses. Preventative measures, including routine screening and antibiotic prophylaxis during labor, have significantly reduced the incidence of GBS-related complications in newborns.