Cultural hegemony, a concept developed by Antonio Gramsci, refers to the dominance of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class, who manipulate the culture of that society—the beliefs, explanations, perceptions, and values—so that their imposed worldview becomes the accepted cultural norm. This domination is achieved not through force, but by the consensual acceptance of the subordinate classes, who internalize the values and norms of the ruling class as their own, thus maintaining the status quo.
Rape culture refers to a societal environment where rape and sexual violence are normalized due to cultural attitudes about gender and sexuality. It perpetuates victim-blaming, trivializes sexual assault, and fosters an environment where survivors are often disbelieved or stigmatized.
Professionalism in sports refers to the conduct, aims, and qualities that characterize a professional athlete, emphasizing not only skill and performance but also ethics, discipline, and responsibility. It involves a commitment to continuous improvement, adherence to rules and regulations, and the maintenance of a positive public image both on and off the field.
Racial representation refers to the presence and portrayal of different racial and ethnic groups within various societal domains, such as media, politics, and education, reflecting diversity and inclusivity. It plays a crucial role in shaping perceptions, influencing policy, and ensuring equity and justice by providing visibility and voice to historically marginalized communities.
Media visibility refers to the extent to which individuals, events, or issues are represented and recognized in the media landscape, influencing public perception and discourse. It plays a crucial role in shaping societal norms, political agendas, and cultural trends by determining what information is accessible and highlighted.
Pluralism in media refers to the diversity of media sources and viewpoints available within a society, promoting a healthy democratic discourse by representing a multiplicity of voices and interests. It acts as a safeguard against media monopolies and propaganda, ensuring that different societal groups can be heard and validated through varied and independent media outlets.
Islamophobia is a social phenomenon characterized by irrational fear, prejudice, and discrimination towards Islam and Muslims, often fueled by stereotypes and misinformation. It has significant social and political repercussions, influenced by media portrayal, historical contexts, and geopolitical events, leading to the marginalization and alienation of Muslim communities.
Ideological framing refers to the process by which individuals or groups present information and ideas through a specific lens shaped by their beliefs and values. This framing affects how information is interpreted and can influence public perception and policy decisions, often emphasizing certain aspects while downplaying others.