Freshwater fisheries are critical ecosystems that provide food security, livelihoods, and biodiversity conservation in inland waters such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. They face challenges from overfishing, habitat degradation, pollution, and climate change, necessitating sustainable management practices to ensure their long-term viability.

Freshwater Fisheries

Critical ecosystems

Food security is the state in which all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. It encompasses the availability of food, access to food, utilization of food, and stability of these three dimensions over time.

Food Security

Livelihoods

Biodiversity conservation is the practice of protecting and managing natural habitats and ecosystems to ensure the survival of diverse species, which is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and supporting life on Earth. It involves strategies like habitat preservation, legal protection, and sustainable resource management to combat threats like habitat destruction, climate change, and pollution.

Biodiversity Conservation

Inland waters

Rivers are dynamic systems that shape landscapes, support diverse ecosystems, and provide vital resources for human civilization. They play a crucial role in the hydrological cycle, transporting water and nutrients across continents and influencing both local and global climates.

Rivers

Lakes

Reservoirs are artificial or natural lakes used to store water for various purposes, such as irrigation, drinking water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and flood control. They play a critical role in water resource management, especially in regions with variable rainfall patterns and increasing water demands.

Reservoirs

Overfishing is the practice of catching fish at a rate faster than they can reproduce, leading to the depletion of fish stocks and disruption of marine ecosystems. This unsustainable activity threatens global food security, biodiversity, and the livelihoods of communities dependent on fishing.

Overfishing

Habitat degradation refers to the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species, often due to human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and urbanization. This leads to biodiversity loss, ecosystem imbalance, and increased vulnerability of species to extinction.

Habitat Degradation

Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment, leading to adverse effects on ecosystems, human health, and the planet's climate. It can originate from various sources, including industrial activities, transportation, agriculture, and waste disposal, necessitating comprehensive strategies for mitigation and prevention.

Pollution

Climate change refers to significant, long-term changes in the global climate, largely driven by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. It results in global warming, extreme weather events, sea level rise, and disruptions to ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and human societies worldwide.

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