The Four Humors is an ancient medical theory that suggests human health and temperament are governed by four bodily fluids: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. This concept, originating in Ancient Greece, influenced Western medicine for centuries, linking the balance of these humors to personality traits and physical health.

Four Humors

ancient medical theory

Human health is a multifaceted state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and healthcare factors that can affect an individual's ability to lead a fulfilling life.

human health

Temperament refers to the innate traits that influence how individuals react to their environment, including their typical mood, energy levels, and emotional reactivity. It is considered a foundational aspect of personality, often observable in infancy, and interacts with environmental factors to shape behavior and personality development over time.

temperament

bodily fluids

Blood is a vital fluid in the human body that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and supporting the immune system. It consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, each performing essential functions in the circulatory system.

blood

phlegm

black bile

yellow bile

Ancient Greece

Western medicine

balance of these humors

Personality traits are enduring characteristics that describe an individual's consistent patterns of feeling, thinking, and behaving, which help in predicting their responses across different situations. These traits are often measured using established models like the Big Five, offering insights into areas such as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

personality traits

Physical health encompasses the well-being of the body, influenced by lifestyle choices, genetics, and environmental factors, and is crucial for overall quality of life. It involves maintaining fitness, proper nutrition, and regular medical check-ups to prevent and manage diseases.

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