Fatty acid synthase is a multi-enzyme protein complex responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA substrates in the presence of NADPH. It plays a crucial role in lipogenesis, impacting energy storage and metabolic regulation in cells, and is often upregulated in cancer cells, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

Fatty Acid Synthase

Multi-enzyme protein complex

Synthesis of long-chain fatty acids

Acetyl-CoA is a central metabolic intermediate that plays a crucial role in energy production and biosynthetic pathways by linking glycolysis and the citric acid cycle with lipid and amino acid metabolism. It serves as a key substrate for the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and ketone bodies, highlighting its importance in both energy storage and utilization processes.

Acetyl-CoA

Malonyl-CoA substrates

NADPH is a crucial cofactor in anabolic reactions, providing the reducing power necessary for biosynthetic processes, such as fatty acid and nucleotide synthesis. It is primarily generated through the pentose phosphate pathway and is essential for maintaining cellular redox balance and antioxidant defense mechanisms.

NADPH

Lipogenesis is the metabolic process through which acetyl-CoA is converted into fatty acids, primarily occurring in the liver and adipose tissue. It plays a crucial role in energy storage and regulation, especially during periods of excess caloric intake, and is tightly regulated by hormonal and nutritional signals.

Lipogenesis

Energy storage is the capture of energy produced at one time for use at a later time, enabling a balance between energy supply and demand. It plays a critical role in integrating renewable energy sources into the grid, enhancing energy security, and improving the efficiency and reliability of energy systems.

Energy Storage

Metabolic regulation is the process by which cells control the chemical reactions necessary for life, ensuring energy production and biomolecule synthesis are balanced to meet cellular demands. It involves complex interactions between enzymes, hormones, and signaling pathways to adapt to changes in the internal and external environment.

Metabolic Regulation

Cancer cells are like bad guys in the body that don't follow the rules and keep growing when they shouldn't. They can form lumps called tumors and sometimes spread to other parts of the body, making people sick.

Cancer Cells

Therapeutic intervention involves structured actions designed to alleviate or manage symptoms of mental, emotional, or physical disorders, aiming to improve a patient's overall health and well-being. These interventions can be pharmacological, psychological, or physical, and are often tailored to meet the specific needs of the individual based on evidence-based practices.

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