Face-threatening acts are communicative actions that infringe on a listener's need to maintain self-esteem and be respected by others, often challenging their social identity or authority. Understanding and mitigating these acts is crucial in maintaining politeness and effective interpersonal communication.

Face-threatening Acts

Face-threatening acts

communicative actions

Self-esteem is the subjective evaluation of one's own worth, encompassing beliefs about oneself as well as emotional states like triumph, despair, pride, and shame. It plays a crucial role in psychological well-being, influencing motivation, behavior, and emotional resilience.

self-esteem

Social identity is a person's sense of who they are based on their group memberships, which can include nationality, ethnicity, religion, or social class. This identity shapes their behavior, attitudes, and perceptions, influencing how they interact with others and perceive themselves within society.

social identity

Authority is the legitimate power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience within a particular domain. It is often recognized by social structures and institutions, and can be derived from formal positions, expertise, or moral influence.

authority

politeness

Interpersonal communication is the process through which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages. It is fundamental to human interaction and plays a crucial role in building relationships, understanding, and collaboration.

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