Extrinsic staining refers to the discoloration of the outer surface of the teeth caused by external factors such as food, beverages, tobacco, and plaque. These stains can often be removed through professional dental cleaning or at-home whitening treatments, unlike intrinsic stains which are embedded within the tooth structure.

Extrinsic Staining

Discoloration of the outer surface of the teeth

External factors are influences that originate outside an individual or organization, affecting decision-making, performance, and strategy. These factors can include economic conditions, social trends, regulatory changes, and technological advancements, all of which require careful analysis and adaptation to maintain competitive advantage.

External Factors

Food

Beverages

Tobacco

Plaque is a sticky deposit on teeth in the oral cavity, primarily composed of bacteria and food particles, which can lead to dental cavities and gum disease if not regularly removed. It also refers to the fatty deposits that accumulate in arteries, contributing to atherosclerosis and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Plaque

Professional dental cleaning, also known as prophylaxis, is a preventive measure that removes plaque, tartar, and stains from teeth to maintain oral health and prevent periodontal disease. It typically involves scaling and polishing procedures performed by a dentist or dental hygienist, and is recommended every six months for optimal dental hygiene.

Professional Dental Cleaning

At-home whitening treatments

Intrinsic Stains

The tooth structure is composed of multiple layers, each serving a specific function to protect and support the tooth's integrity. These layers include enamel, dentin, pulp, and cementum, working together to facilitate chewing, protect against decay, and support overall oral health.

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