Extensive properties are physical properties of a system that depend on the system's size or the amount of material in the system, such as mass, volume, and energy. These properties are additive for subsystems, meaning the total value is the sum of the values for individual parts of the system.

Extensive Properties

Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical identity. These properties are crucial for identifying, classifying, and using materials in various scientific and industrial applications.

Physical Properties

System size

Amount of material

Mass is a fundamental property of physical objects that quantifies the amount of matter contained within them, playing a crucial role in the laws of physics, especially in mechanics and gravitation. It is invariant in classical physics but can vary according to the theory of relativity when an object approaches the speed of light.

Mass

Volume is a measure of the amount of three-dimensional space an object or substance occupies, often quantified in cubic units. It is a fundamental concept in mathematics and physics, crucial for understanding properties of solids, liquids, and gases in various scientific and practical applications.

Volume

Energy is a fundamental property of the universe that can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. It is the driving force behind all physical processes and is essential for the functioning of both natural and engineered systems.

Energy

Additive properties

Subsystems are smaller, self-contained units within a larger system that interact with each other to contribute to the overall functionality of the system. They are essential for managing complexity, enhancing modularity, and enabling easier maintenance and scalability of complex systems.

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