An expanded octet refers to the ability of certain elements, particularly those in the third period and beyond of the periodic table, to hold more than eight electrons in their valence shell. This phenomenon is explained by the availability of d-orbitals for bonding, allowing these elements to exceed the octet rule and form compounds with more than the typical number of electron pairs.

Expanded Octet

expanded octet

Third period elements

The periodic table is a comprehensive chart that organizes all known chemical elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It serves as a fundamental tool in chemistry, enabling scientists to understand element relationships, predict chemical reactions, and discover new elements.

periodic table

The valence shell is the outermost electron shell of an atom in its uncharged state, and it plays a crucial role in chemical bonding and reactivity. Electrons in this shell determine an atom's ability to gain, lose, or share electrons, influencing its chemical properties and interactions with other atoms.

valence shell

d-orbitals

The octet rule is a chemical principle that states atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable electron configuration similar to noble gases. While it explains the formation of many molecules, there are numerous exceptions, particularly involving transition metals and molecules with odd numbers of electrons.

CUSTOMIZE YOUR LEARNING

CUSTOMIZE YOUR LEARNING

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