The Equation of Continuity is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics that states that the mass flow rate of a fluid must remain constant from one cross-section of a pipe to another, assuming the fluid is incompressible and there are no leaks. It is mathematically expressed as A1V1 = A2V2, where A is the cross-sectional area and V is the fluid velocity at different points along the flow path.

Equation Of Continuity

Equation of Continuity

Mass flow rate is a measure of the mass of a substance passing through a given surface per unit time, crucial for analyzing fluid dynamics in systems like pipelines, engines, and chemical reactors. It is typically expressed in units like kilograms per second (kg/s) and is calculated by multiplying the fluid density by the cross-sectional area and the velocity of flow.

mass flow rate

Fluid dynamics is a branch of physics that studies the behavior of fluids (liquids and gases) in motion and the forces acting on them. It is essential for understanding natural phenomena and designing systems in engineering disciplines, including aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and meteorology.

fluid dynamics

cross-section of a pipe

An incompressible fluid is a theoretical fluid with a constant density, meaning its volume does not change under pressure. This assumption simplifies the analysis of fluid flow and is often applied to liquids in fluid dynamics where density variations are negligible.

Incompressible Fluid

Fluid velocity is a vector quantity that describes the speed and direction of fluid flow at a given point within the fluid. It is crucial for understanding and predicting the behavior of fluids in various applications, from engineering systems to natural phenomena.

fluid velocity

Cross-sectional area is the surface area of an object as viewed from a perpendicular angle to its axis, crucial in determining properties like flow rate, resistance, and stress distribution. It is commonly used in various fields such as physics, engineering, and biology to analyze and design systems involving pipes, beams, and biological structures.

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