An electron pair consists of two electrons occupying the same orbital in an atom or molecule, usually with opposite spins, which allows them to satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle. These pairs play a crucial role in chemical bonding, particularly in covalent bonds where they are shared between atoms to achieve stable electron configurations.

Electron Pair

electron pair

two electrons

same orbital

opposite spins

The Pauli Exclusion Principle, formulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925, states that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously within a quantum system. This principle is fundamental in explaining the structure of atoms and the behavior of electrons in atoms, leading to the diverse properties of matter.

Pauli exclusion principle

Chemical bonding is the process by which atoms combine to form molecules and compounds, driven by the attainment of a more stable electronic configuration. The main types of chemical bonds are ionic, covalent, and metallic, each involving different mechanisms of electron sharing or transfer.

chemical bonding

Covalent bonds are chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, leading to the creation of molecules with specific shapes and properties. These bonds are essential for the stability and diversity of organic compounds, which are the basis of all known life forms.

Relevant Degrees

Your Lessons