Electron Domain Theory is a model used to predict the geometry of molecules, based on the idea that electron pairs around a central atom will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion. The theory helps in determining molecular shapes by considering both bonding electron pairs and lone pairs as electron domains that influence molecular structure.

Electron Domain Theory

geometry of molecules

electron pairs

The central atom in a molecule is the atom to which other atoms are bonded, often determining the molecule's geometry and properties. It is usually the atom with the highest bonding capacity or the least electronegative element in the compound.

central atom

minimize repulsion

molecular shapes

Bonding electron pairs are pairs of electrons shared between atoms to form a covalent bond, allowing atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration similar to that of noble gases. These shared electrons hold the atoms together within a molecule through electrostatic interactions and define the bond's properties, such as length and energy.

bonding electron pairs

Lone pairs are pairs of valence electrons that are not involved in chemical bonding and are located on an atom. They play a crucial role in determining the shape, reactivity, and properties of molecules by influencing bond angles and participating in non-covalent interactions.

lone pairs

electron domains

Molecular structure refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule, which determines its chemical properties and reactivity. Understanding molecular structure is crucial for predicting how molecules interact in chemical reactions and in biological systems.

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