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Peer-to-peer networking is a decentralized communication model where each node, or peer, in the network acts as both a client and a server, sharing resources directly with other peers without the need for a central server. This architecture enhances scalability and resilience, but can also introduce challenges in security and data management.
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Real-time communication refers to the instantaneous exchange of information between parties, enabling immediate feedback and interaction. It is crucial in applications where time-sensitive data is transmitted, such as video conferencing, live streaming, and online gaming.
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NAT traversal is a technique used to establish and maintain Internet protocol connections across gateways that implement Network Address Translation (NAT). It is crucial for peer-to-peer applications and services that require direct end-to-end connectivity, such as VoIP and online gaming, to function properly in network environments with NAT devices.
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Session Description Protocol (SDP) is a format for describing the parameters of multimedia communication sessions, enabling the announcement and negotiation of media streams over networks. It is primarily used in conjunction with protocols like SIP and RTSP to establish, modify, and terminate multimedia sessions such as voice calls and video conferences.
Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) is a framework used to allow web browsers and other clients to connect with peers, such as in WebRTC, by finding the best path through NATs and firewalls. It enhances real-time communication by dynamically selecting the most efficient network route using a combination of STUN and TURN servers.
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Signaling is a mechanism by which one party credibly conveys information to another, often to resolve asymmetries in information between them. It is widely used in economics and game theory to explain how individuals or firms can communicate their true type or quality through observable actions or attributes.
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Video conferencing is a technology that allows users in different locations to hold face-to-face meetings without having to move to a single location, enabling real-time visual and audio communication. It has become essential for remote work, online education, and virtual events, enhancing collaboration and reducing travel costs.
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Signaling servers facilitate the initial connection setup between peers in a peer-to-peer communication network by exchanging control information needed to establish a direct peer connection. They do not handle the actual media or data transfer, which occurs directly between peers after the connection is established.
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Browser APIs are sets of built-in functionalities provided by web browsers, enabling developers to create rich, interactive web applications. They allow for direct interaction with the browser and its environment, facilitating tasks such as manipulating the DOM, handling events, and accessing device hardware.
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