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Politeness Theory, developed by Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson, explores how individuals manage face-threatening acts in communication by employing strategies to maintain social harmony and mitigate potential conflicts. The theory distinguishes between positive and negative politeness strategies, which aim to address the listener's need for approval and autonomy, respectively.
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Psychological distance refers to the perceived gap between oneself and other people, events, or times, influencing how we think and make decisions. It affects our judgments and behaviors, often leading to more abstract thinking when the distance is greater and more concrete thinking when it is closer.
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Politeness strategies are communicative techniques used to mitigate face-threatening acts and maintain social harmony by acknowledging others' needs and desires. These strategies are crucial in navigating social interactions, as they help to foster positive relationships and avoid conflicts by balancing assertiveness with respect for others' social face.
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Proximity refers to the nearness or closeness of objects, people, or events in space or time, influencing how they are perceived and related to each other. It plays a crucial role in various fields such as psychology, design, and communication, affecting everything from interpersonal relationships to the organization of information.
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Construal Level Theory (CLT) posits that the psychological distance of an event influences how abstractly or concretely people think about it, with distant events being construed more abstractly and near events more concretely. This theory helps explain how individuals make decisions and form judgments based on temporal, spatial, social, and Hypothetical Distances.
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Spatial distance refers to the physical gap between two or more entities in space, which can influence interactions, perceptions, and relationships. It plays a crucial role in various fields, including geography, urban planning, and social sciences, by affecting how spaces are used and how people connect across distances.
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The tenor of discourse refers to the relationship and interaction style between participants in a communication act, influencing the formality, tone, and level of detail in the exchange. It is shaped by factors such as the participants' roles, social distance, and the purpose of the communication, thereby affecting the choice of language and the overall dynamics of the interaction.
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