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Latitude is a geographical coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on the Earth's surface, measured in degrees from the equator. It plays a crucial role in determining climate zones, daylight variation, and navigation, impacting both natural environments and human activities.
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Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface, measured in degrees from the Prime Meridian, which is set at 0° in Greenwich, England. It is essential for navigation, timekeeping, and global positioning systems, as it works in conjunction with latitude to pinpoint exact locations on the globe.
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The Equator is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, representing the zero-degree latitude. It is the widest circumference of the Earth and experiences nearly constant daylight throughout the year, influencing climate and ecosystems in equatorial regions.
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The Prime Meridian is the zero-degree longitude line from which all other longitudes are measured, serving as a global reference point for time and navigation. It passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, and is crucial for the system of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
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Decimal degrees represent a geographic coordinate system where measurements are expressed as decimal fractions. This system is widely used in geographical information systems (GIS) for its simplicity in calculations and compatibility with digital data formats.
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. Originally developed for military use, GPS has become an essential tool for various civilian applications, including navigation, mapping, and timing services.
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A geodetic datum is a reference framework consisting of a set of points on the Earth's surface against which position measurements are made, providing a base for mapping and navigation. It defines the size and shape of the Earth and the origin and orientation of the coordinate systems used to map the Earth.
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Map projection is a mathematical technique used to represent the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map, inevitably introducing some form of distortion. Different projections prioritize preserving certain properties like area, shape, distance, or direction, depending on the map's intended use.
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A Coordinate Reference System (CRS) is a framework used to define how the two-dimensional, projected map in your GIS relates to real places on the earth. It ensures that spatial data from different sources can be used together effectively by providing a common understanding of how locations are represented.
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Prayer times are specific times of the day when Muslims perform their prayers, known as Salah, which are determined by the position of the sun. These times are integral to Islamic practice and vary slightly each day based on geographical location and the time of year.
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A compass rose is a figure on a map or nautical chart used to display the orientation of the cardinal directions—North, East, South, and West—and their intermediate points. It serves as a navigational aid by helping users understand the geographical orientation and directionality of the map or chart.
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A meridian is an imaginary line on the Earth's surface that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole, used in geography to denote longitude. It is fundamental in cartography and navigation, serving as a reference for time zones and geographical coordinates.
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