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Concept
Datums
A datum is a
reference point
or
surface used as a
basis for measurement
and mapping, crucial for ensuring consistency and accuracy in
spatial data
. It provides a
coordinate system
for
geographic locations
, allowing for
precise navigation
, surveying, and
geospatial analysis
.
Relevant Fields:
Computer Science and Data Processing 50%
Geodesy and Cartography 30%
Computational Mathematics 20%
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Concept
Geodetic Datum
A
geodetic datum
is a
reference framework
consisting of a set of
points on the Earth's surface
against which
position measurements
are made, providing a base for
mapping and navigation
. It defines the
size and shape of the Earth
and the
origin and orientation
of the
coordinate systems
used to
map the Earth
.
Concept
Horizontal Datum
A
horizontal datum
is like a big,
invisible map
that helps everyone agree on where places are on Earth. It uses
special points
and lines to make sure maps and GPS show the
right locations
.
Concept
Vertical Datum
A
vertical datum
is a
reference surface
used to
measure elevations
and depths, serving as a
baseline for geospatial data
. It is crucial for ensuring
consistency in elevation data
across
different geographic locations
and applications, such as mapping, construction, and navigation.
Concept
Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a
three-dimensional geometric shape
that is a
generalization of an ellipse
, characterized by its
three semi-principal axes
. It is a crucial
model in fields like geodesy
and physics, where it approximates the
shape of celestial bodies
and provides a
reference for gravitational studies
.
Concept
Geoid
The geoid is a
model of Earth's shape
that represents the
mean sea level
across the globe, accounting for
gravitational variations
. It serves as a
reference surface
from which to
measure elevations
and is crucial for accurate geodetic and oceanographic applications.
Concept
Coordinate System
A
coordinate system
is a method used to uniquely determine the position of a point or other
geometric element
in a space of
given dimensions
by using
ordered numbers
called coordinates. These systems are essential in fields like mathematics, physics, and engineering for mapping, navigation, and
spatial analysis
.
Concept
Datum Shift
A
datum shift
occurs when there is a change from one
geodetic datum
to another, which can result in
discrepancies in geographic coordinates
. This is crucial for ensuring
accuracy in mapping
, navigation, and
geographic information systems
as
different datums
can represent the
Earth's surface
differently.
Concept
Reference Frame
A
reference frame
is a perspective from which an observer measures and describes physical phenomena, crucial for
understanding motion
and
relative velocity
. It provides a
coordinate system
that allows for the specification of the
position and time of events
, and can be inertial or non-inertial, affecting how
laws of physics
are applied.
Concept
Surveying
Surveying is the science of determining the terrestrial or
three-dimensional positions
of points and the
distances and angles
between them, crucial for establishing
land maps
and boundaries. It involves the use of specialized equipment and techniques to ensure precision and
accuracy in measurements
, serving as a
foundation for construction
, land development, and
geographic information systems
.
Concept
Geospatial Analysis
Geospatial Analysis
involves the gathering, display, and
manipulation of imagery
, GPS,
satellite photography
, and
historical data
, which are described explicitly in terms of
geographic coordinates
or implicitly in terms of a
street address
,
postal code
, or
forest stand identifier
as they are applied to
geographic models
. It is used across various fields such as
urban planning
,
environmental science
, and logistics to analyze
spatial data
and make informed decisions based on
geographic patterns
and relationships.
Concept
Geometric Dimensioning And Tolerancing
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
(GD&T) is a system for defining
engineering tolerances
and
design intent
through
symbolic language
on
engineering drawings
and
computer-generated 3D models
. It ensures that
parts fit
and
function properly
by specifying
allowable variations
in form, orientation, and location, which enhances communication and reduces
manufacturing costs
.
Concept
True Position
True Position
is a
geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
(GD&T) concept that defines the
exact coordinate
, or location, of a
feature on a part
. It ensures that the feature is within
specified tolerance limits
, allowing for
proper fit and function
in
assembly with other components
.
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