Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) is the concentration of surfactants in a bulk phase above which micelles start to form, and all additional surfactants added to the system will form micelles. It is a crucial parameter in determining the effectiveness of surfactants in reducing surface tension and is pivotal in applications such as detergency, drug delivery, and emulsification.

Critical Micelle Concentration

concentration of surfactants

bulk phase

Micelles are spherical aggregates of surfactant molecules formed in a liquid colloid, where the hydrophobic tails are sequestered inside and the hydrophilic heads face outward, allowing them to solubilize hydrophobic substances in aqueous environments. They play a crucial role in processes like drug delivery, detergency, and the digestion of fats by emulsifying lipids for absorption in biological systems.

micelles

additional surfactants

effectiveness of surfactants

reducing surface tension

Applications of surfactants

Detergency is the process by which a detergent cleans dirt and stains by reducing surface tension and enhancing the emulsification of oils and fats. This process involves the interaction of surfactants with water and soil, leading to the suspension and removal of contaminants from surfaces.

detergency

drug delivery

Emulsification is the process of mixing two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, to create a stable mixture. This process is crucial in various industries, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, where it enhances texture, stability, and bioavailability of products.

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