A concerted mechanism in chemistry refers to a reaction where all bond-breaking and bond-forming processes occur simultaneously in a single step, without intermediates. This type of mechanism is characterized by a synchronous transition state, leading to a more straightforward energy profile and often involves pericyclic reactions.

Concerted Mechanism

concerted mechanism

Chemistry is the scientific discipline focused on the study of matter, its properties, composition, structure, and the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions. It bridges other natural sciences like physics, geology, and biology, providing a fundamental understanding of the material world and the interactions between different substances.

chemistry

Bond-breaking is a fundamental process in chemical reactions where the energy is absorbed to overcome the forces holding atoms together in a molecule, leading to the separation of atoms or groups of atoms. It is an endothermic process, often requiring energy input in the form of heat, light, or electricity to proceed.

bond-breaking

Bond-forming is a fundamental chemical process where atoms or molecules join together to create a more stable compound, releasing energy in the process. This process is essential in various chemical reactions and is responsible for the creation of a vast array of substances, from simple molecules to complex organic compounds.

bond-forming

simultaneously

single step

without intermediates

synchronous transition state

An energy profile is a graphical representation that illustrates the energy changes during a chemical reaction, showcasing the energy of reactants, products, and the transition state. It provides insight into reaction kinetics, stability of intermediates, and the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.

energy profile

Pericyclic reactions are a class of organic reactions that proceed via a concerted process involving a cyclic transition state, without intermediates. These reactions are governed by the conservation of orbital symmetry, as described by the Woodward-Hoffmann rules, and include processes such as cycloadditions, electrocyclic reactions, and sigmatropic rearrangements.

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