A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together, resulting in a molecule with unique properties distinct from its constituent elements. Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances through chemical reactions, and they are classified based on the types of bonds holding the atoms together, such as ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds.

Compound

compound

chemical elements

Chemical reactions involve the transformation of substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, resulting in the conversion of reactants into products. These reactions are governed by the principles of thermodynamics and kinetics, which dictate the feasibility and rate of these transformations.

chemical reactions

simpler substances

types of bonds

Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the creation of positively and negatively charged ions that are held together by electrostatic forces. These bonds typically occur between metals and nonmetals, and are characterized by high melting and boiling points, as well as the ability to conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

Ionic Bonds

Covalent bonds are chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, leading to the creation of molecules with specific shapes and properties. These bonds are essential for the stability and diversity of organic compounds, which are the basis of all known life forms.

Covalent Bonds

Metallic bonds are the force of attraction between free-floating valence electrons and the positively charged metal ions in a lattice structure, which gives metals their characteristic properties like conductivity and malleability. This bonding results in a 'sea of electrons' that allows metals to conduct electricity and heat efficiently, as well as to deform without breaking.

metallic bonds

A molecule is like a tiny building block that makes up everything around us, from the air we breathe to the food we eat. These building blocks are made when different atoms, which are even tinier, stick together in special ways.

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