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Concept
Brownian motion is the random movement of particles suspended in a fluid, resulting from their collision with the fast-moving molecules in the fluid. It is a fundamental concept in statistical physics and serves as a mathematical model for stochastic processes, with applications in fields such as finance, biology, and physics.
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The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or in fine suspensions, which makes the path of the light visible. This phenomenon is used to distinguish between true solutions and colloidal mixtures, as true solutions do not scatter light.
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Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate charged molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, based on their size and charge by applying an electric field. This method allows for the analysis and purification of biomolecules, facilitating research in genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry.
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Coagulation is a complex process by which blood forms clots to prevent excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It involves a cascade of events that activate specific proteins and platelets to form a stable clot, crucial for maintaining hemostasis and wound healing.
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Zeta potential is a measure of the magnitude of the electrostatic or charge repulsion/attraction between particles, which is critical in predicting and controlling the stability of colloidal dispersions. It is an essential parameter in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and water treatment, as it influences processes like coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation.
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DLVO theory explains the stability of colloidal dispersions by considering the balance between attractive van der Waals forces and repulsive electrostatic forces. It provides a framework for understanding how particles interact in a medium, crucial for applications in chemistry, biology, and materials science.
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Colloidal interactions refer to the forces between particles in a colloidal system, influencing stability and behavior of colloids. These interactions include attractive and repulsive forces that determine phenomena like aggregation, sedimentation, and gel formation in various industrial and biological systems.
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Adsorption is a surface phenomenon where molecules or atoms from a gas or liquid adhere to a solid or liquid surface, forming a thin film. This process is critical in various applications, including catalysis, water purification, and gas storage, due to its ability to selectively concentrate substances from mixtures.
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Colloidal dispersion refers to a mixture where one substance is dispersed evenly throughout another at a microscopic level, with particle sizes typically between 1 and 1000 nanometers. These mixtures exhibit unique properties such as the Tyndall effect, stability against sedimentation, and are crucial in various fields including pharmaceuticals, food, and materials science.
Concept
Clay mineralogy is the study of minerals within the clay-sized fraction of soils and sediments, focusing on their structure, composition, and properties. It is crucial for understanding soil behavior, industrial applications, and environmental processes due to the unique characteristics of clay minerals such as high surface area and cation exchange capacity.
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