Cell injury occurs when cells experience stress that surpasses their adaptive capacity, leading to reversible or irreversible damage. If stress persists, it can culminate in cell death, potentially affecting tissue and organ function.

Cell Injury

Adaptive capacity refers to the ability of a system, community, or individual to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to respond to consequences. It is a critical component in resilience and sustainability, enabling entities to cope with changes and uncertainties effectively.

Adaptive Capacity

Reversible damage

Irreversible damage refers to harm or changes to an environment, system, or structure that cannot be undone or restored to its original state. This concept is particularly significant in contexts like environmental science, medicine, and engineering, where it emphasizes the importance of prevention and mitigation strategies to avoid permanent adverse effects.

Irreversible Damage

Cell death is a fundamental biological process that can occur through different mechanisms such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, each playing distinct roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. Understanding these pathways is crucial for developing treatments for diseases where cell death is dysregulated, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

Cell Death

Tissue Function

Organ function refers to the specific physiological roles and processes performed by an organ to maintain homeostasis and overall health in an organism. Each organ has unique functions that are critical for the survival and proper functioning of the body, often working in concert with other organs and systems.

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