Brittle fracture occurs with little to no plastic deformation and is characterized by a rapid crack propagation, often at high speeds, leading to sudden failure. In contrast, ductile fracture involves significant plastic deformation and energy absorption before failure, resulting in a more gradual and predictable breakage process.

Brittle And Ductile Fracture

Brittle fracture is a sudden and catastrophic failure of a material with little to no prior deformation, often occurring at low temperatures or high strain rates. It is characterized by a rapid crack propagation that can lead to complete structural failure without significant warning signs.

Brittle Fracture

Plastic deformation is the permanent change in shape or size of a material under stress, beyond its elastic limit, where it does not return to its original form upon removal of the force. It is a critical consideration in material science and engineering, affecting the durability and performance of materials under load.

Plastic Deformation

Rapid crack propagation

Sudden failure

Ductile fracture is a type of material failure characterized by extensive plastic deformation before the actual fracture occurs, often resulting in a rough and fibrous fracture surface. It typically involves the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of voids, leading to a significant amount of energy absorption before the material ultimately breaks.

Ductile Fracture

Energy absorption is the process by which a material or system takes in energy from external sources and dissipates it internally, often transforming it into other forms such as heat or mechanical deformation. This process is crucial in applications like impact protection, vibration damping, and thermal insulation, where controlling energy transfer is essential for safety and efficiency.

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