Bell states are specific quantum states of two qubits that represent the simplest and most studied examples of quantum entanglement, forming the basis for many quantum information protocols. They are crucial in quantum mechanics as they exhibit non-classical correlations that cannot be explained by classical physics, highlighting the fundamental differences between quantum and classical systems.

Bell State

Bell states

Quantum states are the fundamental entities in quantum mechanics that encapsulate all the information about a quantum system, typically represented by wave functions or state vectors in a Hilbert space. Their probabilistic nature underlies the inherent uncertainties and phenomena such as superposition and entanglement, distinguishing them from classical states.

quantum states

two qubits

Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon where particles become interconnected in such a way that the state of one particle instantaneously influences the state of another, regardless of the distance between them. This non-local interaction challenges classical intuitions about separability and locality, and is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics with implications for quantum computing and cryptography.

quantum entanglement

quantum information protocols

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that describes the physical properties of nature at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. It introduces concepts like wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle, and quantum entanglement, which challenge classical intuitions about the behavior of matter and energy.

quantum mechanics

non-classical correlations

Classical physics encompasses the principles and theories developed before the advent of quantum mechanics and relativity, primarily focusing on macroscopic phenomena. It includes foundational laws and concepts that describe the motion of bodies, forces, energy, and the properties of matter and waves in a deterministic framework.

classical physics

fundamental differences

Quantum systems are physical systems that adhere to the principles of quantum mechanics, exhibiting behaviors like superposition and entanglement that defy classical intuition. Understanding these systems is essential to the advancement of quantum computing, quantum communication, and advanced material science.

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