Beam hardening is an artifact in X-ray computed tomography (CT) where lower energy photons are absorbed more than higher energy photons, leading to a shift in the average energy of the X-ray beam and resulting in image distortion. This phenomenon can cause inaccuracies in CT images, particularly when scanning objects with varying densities, such as metal implants or bone structures, leading to streaks and dark bands in the images.

Beam Hardening

Beam hardening

X-ray computed tomography

lower energy photons

higher energy photons

average energy of the X-ray beam

Image distortion refers to the alteration of an image's original geometry or appearance, often caused by lens imperfections, perspective errors, or digital processing artifacts. Understanding and correcting image distortion is crucial in fields like photography, computer vision, and medical imaging to ensure accurate representation and analysis of visual data.

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